Define hohokam3/11/2023 ![]() ![]() When Hohokam society collapsed, the dirt canals fell into disrepair. The original canals were dirt ditches and required routine maintenance those presently in use are lined with concrete. What was the original purpose of the Hohokam canals?Ī portion of the ancient canals has been renovated for the Salt River Project and now helps to supply the city’s water. Stone bowls sported a variety of motifs including rattlesnakes, frogs, and lizards. Stone was chipped into cutting tools with sharp edges or hammered into other shapes. Hohokam craftsmen produced a wide array of artifacts made from stone, bone, shell and clay. What kind of tools did the Hohokam Indians use? The Hohokam were the only culture in North America to rely on irrigation canals to supply water to their crops. O’odham water control gate in historic period irrigation canal. Where did the Hohokam tribe get their water?Ĭarla Booker and Alexandra Howard recording a prehistoric canal exposed in a trench at the Riverview development in Mesa. Not even the complex societies in Mesoamerica had such extensive irrigation canals. In fact, the Hohokam had the largest and most complex irrigation systems of any culture in the New World north of Peru. The Hohokam are probably most famous for their creation of extensive irrigation canals along the Salt and Gila rivers. What was the Hohokam culture most famous for? It is thought that the Great Drought (1276–99), combined with a subsequent period of sparse and unpredictable rainfall that persisted until approximately 1450, contributed to this process. The Hohokam people abandoned most of their settlements during the period between 13. The Hohokam culture was differentiated from others in the region in the 1930s by the archaeologist Harold S. The Hohokam lived in the Phoenix Basin along the Gila and Salt Rivers, in southern Arizona along the Santa Cruz and San Pedro Rivers, and north on the Lower Verde River and along the New and Agua Fria Rivers. But the Hohokam also used other Mesoamerican food plants such as agave and amaranth. What did Hohokam people eat?Ĭorn (maize), beans and squash were the three major crops in the prehistoric American Southwest and were also the principle foods of the Hohokam. The people abandoned their villages, perhaps dispersing over the landscape or joining other village groups. The Mogollon culture ended for unknown reasons in the 15th century. There is evidence from this period that Ancestral Pueblo and Mogollon individuals lived peacefully in the same villages. Despite this decline in numbers a smaller O’odham population survived and is a thriving culture today. They are thought to have originally migrated north out of Mexico around 300 BC to become the most skillful irrigation farmers the Southwest ever knew.įrom 1350 to 1450 the population plunges and traces of the Hohokam disappear from the archaeological record. The Hohokam peoples occupied a wide area of south-central Arizona from roughly Flagstaff south to the Mexican border. ![]() They hunted bighorn sheep, deer, and other animals there. The Hohokam were farmers who grew corn, beans, squash and agave. Michael Hampshire’s rendering of the large platform mound at Pueblo Grande on the north bank of the Salt River. The Hohokam people occupied the valley and much of southern Arizona from A.D. Who were the Hohokam and what did they do? 9 What was the original purpose of the Hohokam canals?.8 What kind of tools did the Hohokam Indians use?.7 Where did the Hohokam tribe get their water?.3 Where did the Hohokam Indians come from?.1 Who were the Hohokam and what did they do?. ![]()
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